Background: Chulha is a traditional Indian cooking stove. Fuel used in this stove can be firewood, animal dung cake (‘upla’), kerosene, crop residue, etc. It may lead to increase in the indoor air pollution affecting the health of the family members. Prolonged exposure to smoke from traditional chulhas is a risk factor for many lung and eye infections. Aim and Objectives: To assess the use of traditional chulhas and its health effects among the residents of village Dighal. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted from May-June, 2018 among 100 families in village Dighal who were selected by purposive sampling. Results: It was observed that the majority of families were using traditional chulhas (77%) and LPG (23%) was used by smaller number of families. Fuel consumed by most of the households were animal dung cakes (62%) and firewood (45%). Maximum duration of exposure to the traditional chulha by 43% families is for 3-4 hours. Among the families using traditional chulhas, 54% were suffering from health- related problems like lung (29%), eye (24%) infections, etc. Main reasons stated by participants for using traditional chulhas were it is cheaper than other sources (52%) and food cooked is much tastier (42%). Conclusion: The efforts should be made towards encouraging the use of safer methods of cooking such as LPG or smokeless chulha to prevent the health of the people.

The genesis of spirituality is challenging due to a wide variety of perspectives and assumptions underlying spirituality research. Spirituality is still an emerging concept in the developing countries such as India, although rich culture has enriched in the past. Confining to various definitions of spirituality, the study attempts to evolve a health oriented spirituality scale in an Indian context. With exploration of literature and expert reviews, various attributes of spirituality scale were initiated with a pool of 120 items. These items were subjected to experts’ opinion and were reduced to 77. The version I scale was then administered on a sample of 254 participants. After initial factor analyses, the scale was again administered on a sample of 104 participants. Principal component analyses were employed and 56 items were retained covering five factors for final version of Spirituality Scale. The reliability was 0.640 and validity was 0.491.

Sterilization and disinfection are the two integral processes for maintaining asepsis. A cut or puncture wound provides a patent pathway for infection. Any blood observed in the mouth or in an impression would increase the risk of infection. Orthodontists have the second highest incidence of Hepatitis B among dental professionals. Thus, proper steps in sterilization in compliance with the ADA or CDC guidelines should be followed. Various methods of sterilization and disinfection in orthodontic practice have been vividly enumerated. Use of masks, gloves, protective eye wear and reusable or disposable gowns or laboratory coats should be brought into day to day practice in order to avoid cross contamination. Surfaces that cannot be sterilized should be effectively disinfected with any of the available means. A common problem arising with these methods is the associated corrosion. The corrosion resistance of orthodontic grade steel is directly proportional to its chromium content and inversely proportional to its carbon content. Recommendations by the instrument manufacturers must be followed in order to reduce any unwanted corrosion of the orthodontic instruments from steam autoclaving. A thorough understanding of application of sterilization along with properly followed techniques will ensure safety from deadly organisms along with appropriate care of the delicate instruments.